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RESEARCH PAPER
Evaluation of humoral and cellular immune responses induced by a novel YidRv subunit vaccine from hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae
1
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
2
Master Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
3
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Malang, Indonesia
4
Laboratory of Proteomics, CoE Research Center for Biomolecule Engineering, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
5
Department of Clinical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
6
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
Submission date: 2025-12-30
Final revision date: 2026-03-15
Acceptance date: 2026-05-18
Publication date: 2026-06-15
Corresponding author
Tri Yudani M. Raras
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, postcode: 65145, Malang, Indonesia
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, postcode: 65145, Malang, Indonesia
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Background:
Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) has re-emerged as a prominent etiological agent of pneumonia and systemic infection, with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains posing considerable therapeutic challenges. Moreover, vaccines may have limited efficacy because of the emergence of variant strains. The yidRv gene encodes a protein linked to excessive adherence and is conserved in over 99% of KP isolates. The present study aimed to explore the ability of a rec-YidRv protein to stimulate humoral and cellular immune response in vitro and in vivo.
Material and methods:
The capability of the purified rec-YidRv protein to induce antibody synthesis was tested using a mice model. We also assessed whether rec-YidRv could successfully trigger the proliferation of splenocytes and the synthesis of their cytokines. Furthermore, the capacity of antigen to protect mice from ESBL-producing KP strain infection was investigated.
Results:
In vitro and in vivo analyses revealed that mice immunized with rec-YidRv generated a strong antibody and memory response. Compared to non-stimulated controls, immunized mice showed an increase in measurable KP-directed immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, with elevated IgG1 and IgG2b fractions; additionally, splenocyte proliferation expanded by 5-fold. Infection of mice with a lethal dose of KP following immunization markedly extended animal survival and decreased the pathogen’s ability to form ventricular biofilms.
Conclusions:
The rec-YidRv elicited robust antibody responses and a moderate expansion of cellular activity. Rec-YidRv is an effective protein-only platform for inhibiting infection by antibiotic-resistant KP. Future studies should incorporate refined adjuvants and improved administration methods to enhance protective responses.
Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) has re-emerged as a prominent etiological agent of pneumonia and systemic infection, with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains posing considerable therapeutic challenges. Moreover, vaccines may have limited efficacy because of the emergence of variant strains. The yidRv gene encodes a protein linked to excessive adherence and is conserved in over 99% of KP isolates. The present study aimed to explore the ability of a rec-YidRv protein to stimulate humoral and cellular immune response in vitro and in vivo.
Material and methods:
The capability of the purified rec-YidRv protein to induce antibody synthesis was tested using a mice model. We also assessed whether rec-YidRv could successfully trigger the proliferation of splenocytes and the synthesis of their cytokines. Furthermore, the capacity of antigen to protect mice from ESBL-producing KP strain infection was investigated.
Results:
In vitro and in vivo analyses revealed that mice immunized with rec-YidRv generated a strong antibody and memory response. Compared to non-stimulated controls, immunized mice showed an increase in measurable KP-directed immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, with elevated IgG1 and IgG2b fractions; additionally, splenocyte proliferation expanded by 5-fold. Infection of mice with a lethal dose of KP following immunization markedly extended animal survival and decreased the pathogen’s ability to form ventricular biofilms.
Conclusions:
The rec-YidRv elicited robust antibody responses and a moderate expansion of cellular activity. Rec-YidRv is an effective protein-only platform for inhibiting infection by antibiotic-resistant KP. Future studies should incorporate refined adjuvants and improved administration methods to enhance protective responses.
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